West Country Quatre Bras: Wargame refight conclusion and project review

Rather belatedly I can now give a full appraisal of our mammoth project to refight the whole of Quatre Bras at 1:20 figure scale. Thank you to all who have given us massive support through comments and interest on the many blog posts, it has helped keep us motivated.

Quatre Bras Part Two - Wargame Conclusion
This has been contributed by Kevin East who masterminded the whole thing and even ended up playing, as General Reille. I'm illustrating it with some great photos taken during the event by Tony Dillon.
The reports on the two-day game can be accessed here

Kevin writes:

<<In conclusion:

Wargame result points systems are always going to be flawed and some might see that in those collated here. However, it was a game and we needed some measure of accounting when our playing time ran out. The total tally was to read:

 Allies: 16 points. 

French: 66+1 points (the plus 1 is the sabres edge lead from Quatre Bras Part 1).

(see points chart  below  for details - apologies for the format but this is the best copy I can get into blogger. "Rows" refers to areas on this battlefield map - CG)

The Battle Of Quatre Bras (2) 

21/22 April 2018 

POINTS Calculation 

EVENT		ACCUMULATION
	POINTS	ALLIES	FRENCH	NOTES
POINTS FROM DESTROYED UNITS (ON TIMECHART)	2 (per unit)	4 (2 French units routed off field)	36 (9 allied units destroyed) (9 allied units routed off field)
EVERY UNIT IN GOOD ORDER  (row ‘I’ :Allies)  (row ‘E’: French)	2 (per unit)	0	14 (7 units in row ‘E’)
POSSESSION OF QB BUILDINGS	2 (per building)	4	0
NORTH GEMIONCOURT BRIDGE	2	-	2
SOUTH GEMIONCOURT BRIDGE	2	-	2
EAST OF BOSSU BRIDGE	2	-	4
GEMIONCOURT FARM	4	-	4
LA BERGERIE	4	4	-
NIVELLES ROAD WEST OF QB	4	4	-
NIVELLES ROAD EAST OF QB	4	-	4

TOTALS

ALLIES 16

FRENCH 66+1

VICTORY: In control of the majority of victory points by 6.00pm on end of Sunday.  DRAW: EQUAL POINTS. MARGINAL VICTORY or loss: 1-6 points difference.  MAJOR VICTORY or loss: 7 points or more difference.

Whilst the Allies lost in points, and particularly in the number of units destroyed (10 to 2), by dusk the French had still not captured Quatre Bras which was their ultimate goal, and it's also interesting to note that the Allies held onto all the terrain points they started the game with – quite a feat! This weekend's gaming showed a surge in French forces northward but the going was tough and eventually each side fought themselves to a standstill. Later in day two the 4 battalions of British Guards arrived fresh and were looking to drive the French south into Bossu wood (just like in 1815!) The French Guard Lancers and Chasseurs light cavalry (not used in 1815 by Ney due to an order from Napoleon) were also fresh and threatening the Allied centre and left flank respectively. However, they were without significant infantry support and would not have succeeded very far as an Allied rearguard force of artillery was waiting and the 23^rd and 11^th British Light Dragoons were just entering the field to put a halt to it.

So I concluded that the Allies did keep the village of Quatre Bras but at a great cost. Realistically they would now retire to lick their wounds and fight another day. The French infantry units were also worn and would have mirrored the Allies’ activity. The French cavalry would continue to press the Allied rear guard for a short period until nightfall. 

Points are one thing, but a reflection upon history is another, and with this in mind I judge that by the end of the game the French have pushed the Allies much further North than they did in history at the parallel time, therefore they score a marked victory in the wargame. However, this gain would soon have ebbed away as tired French infantry would not be able to push further in taking Quatre Bras. So it might be said that the ‘high tide’ mark for the French had in our game proved to be about 8.15pm rather than the 2.30pm on the actual day of battle fought all those years ago. How games and times change!

Some number crunching on both games:

The Quatre Bras duo of games were to reveal some sizeable wargames numbers: 

At 1:20 ratio a total of 3700 Allied and French figures in 133 units were used over the 4 day's gaming, involving 6 players, an umpire, plus reporter/photographer/adviser (Chris) over a combined table/map gaming space of 308 sq/ft.  This was two specially designed and sculpted terrains with the addition of outside (off table) gaming space via map moving and combat which increased the size (in game One) to 18’x17’ to allow off table flanking manoeuvres.  Is this the most detailed wargamed version of Quatre Bras on the planet to date?  Who knows? Perhaps Google will reveal? >>

Thanks a lot Kevin.

Wargaming Quatre Bras as a two year project.

In over 50 years of wargaming this is probably the most satisfying endeavour I have ever been involved with (that's not to say there haven't been some other great ones!). Especially for those who may not have followed this blog for long I think it is worth reflecting on how it came about and why it worked. (This section illustrated by some of my own Quatre Bras photos).

Dutch-Belgian casualty in Bossu Woods

When Kevin came back into my life after a 36 year gap he was a bit of a lost soul collecting beautiful 28mm historically accurate Waterloo armies at 1:20 figure:man ratio but not knowing his way to get to a game. Paul D. and I steered him towards massing his forces to be a major element in our West Country refights of La Haye Sainte and Hougoumont at 1:3 scale in 2015. This scratched the  Waterloo itch in the biennial year but Kevin and I still hankered for the grand tactical 1815 game with battalions as the main tactical units, and, against my practical advice, he was intent on 1:20 scale.

First we had to find, or write, a set of rules to suit us and that search began in January 2016 at our joint-birthday game - testing-rank-and-file-rules-for-1815. Thanks to Simon Millar and John Rich I had been introduced to a Seven Years War version of "Rank and File" (R and F) the year before and since R and F covers most of the black powder era I thought they might work using the Napoleonic adaptations.

Enjoying the feel of this small scale test we realised the project could have legs but the 3000-4000 figures required was a daunting task even for the painting machine that is Kevin East. I volunteered to repaint many of my 1:3 scale units and create more, but we badly needed help. The experience of the massive 1:3 refights had given us new contacts and practical big-game organisational opportunities. Also my wargame room and terrain sculpting skills had proved adequate for hosting up to the 8 players at a time we hoped for. Paul H. had kindly lent his ready-made Waterloo armies for LHS and Hougoumont and was keen to "do" Quatre Bras but his base sizes were not compatible with R and F so work would be needed before they could be used. James Fergusson had proved a stalwart supporter of 1:3 and was very willing to come to Gloucestershire regularly to be involved in QB. It was a no brainer to invite Richard Newcombe to join the team as he had been involved with 1:3, had some British Guard Battalions to prove it, and as a retired barrister is just great at getting under the skin of any set of wargames rules!

Kevin and I renewed our reading, trying to dissect the historical Quatre Bras in forensic detail to figure out what we really needed at 1:20 scale. He masterminded the orders of battle and produced a super-detailed list including our existing figures and all those that needed creating/repainting. For my part I played with unit footprint sizes and distances and ranges and tried to come up with the optimum tabletop battlefield to make. We had the following aims for this project:
1. See if, by taking all available historical elements into account, the French could make a decisive victory, as they so nearly did in 1815.
2. Honour the brave inexperienced Dutch-Belgians, Nassauers, Hanoverians and Brunswickers who held off the veteran French for longer than anyone could reasonably have expected. They are so rarely properly represented in refights of QB where the British dominate.
3. Once again enjoy a lot of toys on a big and beautiful tabletop terrain, this time in a classic style Napoleonic battalion level game, the kind we'd dreamed of in our boyhood!
4. Share the joy with as many players as practical and the world via this blog.

Those were long term tasks but we had to keep up momentum and interest and prove various concepts.  First was a two day test game in April 2016. Never mind the QB historical units let's just have an 1815-themed imaginary game. It only involved Kevin, James and me but was a great success and tremendous fun so we were really on....The rules were not perfect but gave us a good framework on which to build the QB detail we needed.

Next we wanted to give Paul a chance to use his figures, so scheduled a game about 6 months hence which felt like plenty of notice. Sadly his work, family life, and community commitments meant Paul had to pull out and with him the prospect of about 1000 of the figures we had hoped to use. This left a hole in our team that took a while to fill in various ways. Nothing daunted we pressed on. Spring 2017 brought the opportunity for another test, this time involving Richard too and so we were off to a good start with verifying the rules modifications so far made. You can see lots of pictures and read the project outcomes of that game here encounter-at-kaaskerke. The most significant changes were:
- better balance of weapon ranges, especially artillery
- need for a very much more nuanced structure in defining differences in unit quality
- historical sized French battalions were too small to stand the pressure they would get in 7 hours or so of historical time in our QB, so compromises on the orbat were needed.

Meanwhile we had managed to revise the figure painting schedule: James took on the Herculean task of creating the whole of the Brunswick Corps and I volunteered to make a four-battalion brigade of Hanoverian landwehr, Kevin took up the slack as best he could but it looked woefully as if sacrifices would have to be made on artillery and all those French skirmishers we needed. That was until I found, via the A Military Gentleman Forum, a dyed in the wool veteran Napoleonic wargamer in Tony Dillon from Birmingham. Tony was also prepared to travel to the Cotswolds (getting lost round Stroud!) for the tests and the real events. Tony's arrival transformed our project, which had looked like having to be put off, as he had considerable quantities of compatible figures and a gung-ho attitude to doing whatever it took to help, including redesigning our playsheet to a more user friendly format.

Some of Tony's Guard Horse Artillery moves in at the gallop

I had warned Kevin at the outset that trying to do the whole battle in 1:20 would outgrow my facilities and the amount of playing time we had.  So around the turn of 2016-17 we made some major decisions. We would fight not one but two weekend games, and split the historical Quatre Bras affair into one game from about 2pm to about 5.30pm taking two days to play, and a second weekend game covering from about 5.30pm to nightfall. This had a number of advantages:
- We could split the terrain to cover most of it in two correctly scaled chunks. The southern section first to represent the Prince of Orange's Corps' stand and retreat towards the crossroads, then this would overlap with a northern section allowing reinforcement by Brunswick, Hanoverian and British troops. Thus we hoped to do justice to history and not just wing it as so many wargames have to.
- First half in September 2017 and the second in April 2018 would give me sufficient break to dismantle and rebuild the 96 square feet of sculpted tabletop terrain
- Though we still had to make every unit they were not all needed at once, so it gave us all another 6 or 7 months to finish painting figures.
- Two weekends gave the potential for more people to be involved overall.

The QB2 build at an early stage - reusing a large chunk from QB1

Recycling some roads and fields from earlier Waterloo terrains.....

....and adding new ones

So our next step was a bigger two-day battle than we had so far done to test the cavalry rules in particular and how units would fare for durability over a long hard-fought game. In May 2016 we staged The Battle of Hoeke Valley reported here hoeke-valley-day-one and here hoeke-valley-second-days-play with a wrap-up here hoeke-valley-wrap-up.  This involved all the project team plus Ken, Roy and Graham for a day each. It prompted huge email discussions afterwards which helped Kevin and me crystalise our thoughts how to conduct the real thing - which was next!

We got there OK and had 5 players for the first event but poor James was ill and had to miss the first serious engagement of his wonderful Brunswick figures. Links to my After-Action- Reports on it via the second one quatre-bras-part-1-second

James got to command most of his Brunswickers personally in QB2

And hopefully you've just read the parts detailing Part Two, and so it's all over.....though I think Kevin is now planning a Prussian force for The Battle of Wavre in about 2020 - 21.........:-)

The River Dyle and Moulin de Bierge near Wavre,
photographed during Kevin's and my trip to Waterloo in 2014

Wargame Project Tips 

New wargamers, or even experienced ones might benefit from a few (fairly obvious) pointers if thinking of undertaking a project like this:

- Establish your aims at the start and try to keep them within the resources you believe you can manage (figures, space and time to play, and sufficient time to organise everything)

- Do engage a number of kindred spirits as early as possible and get agreement to how and when the activities will be shared. Give those people priority to participate, and a share in the decisions on when the games will be. 

- Make sure you have a "completer-finisher" type like we had in Kevin who has the authority and enthusiasm to set everything out clearly and keep driving and encouraging till it's all done.

- Try to ensure all the project team will check emails/texts regularly and respond when required.

- Be prepared to tailor your rules and game system to suit what you want to do, not be unduly ruled by "official" doctrine or outside influences. Have test games as frequently as seems sensible. Best not to have these resemble too closely your eventual scenario, but to illustrate points you know you need to sort out.

- A bonus of this approach is that you keep up team enthusiasm as well as have the chance to get game/rules practice with others outside the team and exposure to fresh ideas.

- Provide plenty of beer, port, chocolate, cake, meals out to the host(s)! (Especially if it's me).

CG gets an end of move briefing from James (Photo by Richard)

Kevin gives directions

Supporting Documents

You can find PDFs of all the Quatre Bras briefings and rules QRS in the Napoleonic Download link in the right hand sidebar, but here is a quick link
Feel free to download them for your own use and if you find anything useful please let us know by Comment on this blog or emailing me, it's what makes the effort of social media/blogging more satisfying.

French wounded being attended to at Tony's field hospital vignettes

French dead along Gemioncourt stream

I've been to The Burrow............

.......and survived!
Only kidding Colin, it was great!

Background
In our aging years the Duchess and I are trying to see bits of the UK we haven't been to before. The North East coast is part of that unknown but as we planned it we realised it was far too big and interesting for just one week's holiday, which was all the time we could spare this year. The attractions of the North Yorkshire Moors were obvious as we like walking. Whitby was alluring as an 18th Century shipbuilding port with many old streets and buildings intact (and fish and chip shops!), not least because, as the home port of Captain James Cook, it gave us another opportunity to investigate the Duchess' mariner ancestor. William Peckover, born at Aynho, Northamptonshire only about 15 miles from her Oxfordshire birthplace, sailed on all Cook's voyages of discovery as well as with Bligh on the Bounty, so that was an easy choice.  But secretly I knew that fellow partners in 18th century crime, Colin Ashton and Graham Cummings, live at Middlesborough and Redcar respectively, and so, with a little persuasion we included them in our NE coast meander.

The reaction of most Southerners I meet is "Middlesborough?" why do want to go to that xxxxxxxx? But in fact we were impressed, lots of modern development, no smoky factories or mines now, very green entry roads and suburbs, and easy access to all the above-mentioned attractions. Oh, and some of friendliest strangers you could ever hope to encounter (and that from a man who lives near big- hearted Stroud).

The Burrow
But the best attraction was Colin Ashton's new Burrow.

Situated in a lovely big house in a leafy suburb of Middlesborough Colin, well supported by his wife Katherine, has made a wargamer's haven. Many of my readers will be familiar with Colin's wonderful blog link here and he has done a very nice account of the battle he laid on for me to play, set in 1793 between the Revolutionary French and the Prussians and some Allies. Here it is Battle on the frontier.
It is a very good and almost accurate report of our day and he has done a far better job of describing it than I could; please take a look. So in this post I am concentrating mainly on the environment in which we played as it might give more insight into Colin the Wargamer and generally jolly nice bloke.

Here is his painting table

It sits in "Chris Gregg corner" so I'm very flattered that he surrounds
himself with my paintings while he works.........

.....obviously a man of excellent taste.....

......as I'm in good company - his many, many original Bob Marrion's populate another wall

That's his latest CG original over the doorway, then an Austrian flag I believe, and more Bob Marrion's

Oh.!.....I was there too! Under all the helmets

Just some of the many cabinets of figures...and there were
loads more boxes neatly stacked under the table and against the other wall.
At least SYW, Franco Prussian War, late 17th Century, besides the
very large Revolutionary War armies of which we used but a small part

Seeing inside The Burrow convinced me that Colin is not a
skirmish enthusiast but a "big battle" gamer, and he confirmed it.

A lovely Napoleonic cutter 

Revolutionary Wars Italians led by Pavarotti on the rocky hillock! Colin is known
for his many amusing vignettes - don't mention the Sheep!

Our Game

Just for balance here are some of my photos of the game in progress and very exciting it was too at times. We used General d'Armee rules and about 1200 figures and played from about 1115 till 1715 with 30 minutes for lunch break. Not quite a complete result but sufficient for a reluctant Colin to declare of himself "Well, I haven't won!". Lucky I had a mainly defensive objective and since I knew nothing of the rules just played it cool most of the time. However, Colin had mentioned in an off-hand way, how miffed he had been when one day a few years ago an opponent had given up after Move 2 reckoning he had no chance. So I wanted to be sure I kept my army intact as long as possible to show my host his efforts were worthwhile.

A beautiful regiment of early Chasseurs, I think Colin said he commissioned these specially

Specially commissioned or not those Chasseurs couldn't stand against a Large unit of Heavy cavalry

Colin weighs his chances attacking my heavy battery

View from my Horse guns on the right flank

But his infantry boldly went in on a quick move helped by multiple ADCs

My Chasseurs returned to the fray and luckily redeemed themselves

The 12 pdrs were overrun but my infantry intervene from the left

Here is another view - you see I had far too many good infantry intact to let him steal
those guns

My Light Cavalry eventually giving a good account of themselves

Overhead view of the action. Lots of red hearts indicate many casualties in Colin's other column

And at that point, with 5pm approaching, I charged with my Heavy Brigade. The Carabineers (beautifully painted by Mark Allen) cut through two German battalions and helped Colin come to his decision about the outcome

The end position. Every wargamer needs a windmill but Colin
already has three. I can make windmills to order if required, see Download sidebar
Windmill models

Detail of the force under my command

General d'Armee Rules

I had asked Colin if we could use the General d'Armee rules as Kevin and James are trying them out for whatever Napoleonic extravaganza they are planning after West Country Quatre Bras and I thought it would be useful locally to have that experience. So I must thank him for organising the game accordingly and conducting the whole thing with minimum effort for me. With such a competent host, and me in holiday mood anyway, I absorbed the bare minimum from the Playsheet and just let him guide me. We went at an efficient pace but had a lot to chat about besides the game action. So first impression is that it was very good for two wargamers to get an unambiguous result in 5 hours or so playtime with over 1000 figures, yet the feel of unit tactics was still evident. We used a lot of skirmishers, but the system is slick for that, and plenty of cavalry and infantry charges with lots of artillery support. Without me having tried to understand the rules in detail these are a  few observations for what they are worth:

• The ADC system is good but difficult for a newcomer to get the best out of it as there is a table to get to know in order to understand how to accumulate your ADCs to achieve specific effects (like extra charge distance or heavier artillery fire).
• The restraints of this command system were largely responsible for getting the game sorted in good time, as frequently brigades do not move much, if at all through lack of ADCs or poor dice.
• The artillery could be decisive close up but not necessarily so, and at long range were just a realistic irritant providing longer term attrition. Used in the numbers we had they were not a game changer
• Most results with melees, and particularly cavalry, seemed logical but were still fun and exciting.
• Defeated units that were not destroyed could recover and still be useful - a definite plus to me.
• The only thing I could not understand was that squares could only fire at short range and very reduced effect. Their value seemed to be almost entirely notional in pre-contact morale, making it difficult for the cavalry to charge home, which is reasonable. Also they were allowed to move quite far. I was left with a bit of a peculiar feeling over squares and it may be as I did not have the chance or inclination to read the rules in detail. Something to watch for carefully if we use them locally.

On balance a good set and I know they get a lot of praise from wargamers whom I respect. So good luck Colin and thanks for your wonderful efforts.

Crann Tara Miniatures

On the Sunday morning we were passing by Redcar on our way from Middlesborough to Whitby and Graham Cummings had agreed to entertain the Duchess and me for coffee. It was great to see his neat house and my original oil painting  "Jacobite Charge, 1745" on his wall. Graham willingly explained at length what it is like to found and run a model soldier company and we learned a lot even though we did not see his wargames room or garden office.  We were treated though, to see the super master figures of his new Saxon range, hot from the casters, see his blog Crann Tara Saxons.

And, as one does, I could hardly visit Graham without pre-ordering a little something....So this time it was his dismounted Hussar range and horse holders, more limbers and horses for my 18th Century artillery, and best of all, a regiment of French Mousquetaires. Here are some pics as I prepped and based them at the weekend. 

I will be having both 1st and 2nd Companies on grey and
black horses respectively

I particularly like the metal engraved standard, and although I have to paint it I
am saved the chore of selecting and downloading one from the Internet, resizing
 and printing it and sticking it in position.

I could not resist buying one of these dynamic ADCs clutching his tricorne

If you want some for yourself take a look here Crann Tara French cavalry

Graham also gave me two of the originally printed St Paul books which he was personally involved in producing since Neil Cogswell is a near neighbour.  Thanks for your generosity Graham and for your time.

None of this excitement for me would have happened without the now passed A Military Gentleman Forum, so thank you too to John Ray.